私は土曜日に日本語のZoomがはじめました!I created it to give students an opportunity to practice speaking Japanese Language outside of the lesson classroom, to provide an environment where students can help one another and a place where students can practice causal Japanese Language. I invite Senseis, Students and Japanese Language Speakers/Learners on Nihongo-Pro to attend if you want to We will be doing the meetings every Saturday at 9 PM. Here is the Zoom Meeting Information:日:土曜日, 時間:9PM (Eastern Time United States), パスワード:2NEuQz Personal Meeting: 211−561−9156 レジス モリス
はじめまして!私はモリスレジスとうもします。アメリカ人です。南ランシングにすんでいます。仕事はマッサージセラピストです。私はねこがろっぴきいます。しゅみは日本の音楽を聞きますと日本のドラマを見ますと歌を歌いますと日本のしょどをしますと日本語をべんきょうします。松崎しげるとBackstreet BoysとJoe Hisaishiをよく聞きます。私は2しゅうかんまえぐらい本を出しました。愛のメモリーと I Want It That Wayが大好きです。私は日本語の人に会いたい。私も日本語をはなしたい。 レジス モリス
If you are just starting out to learn Japanese, you are no doubt trying hard to learn Japanese vocabulary. This free quiz is here to help, with five introductory Japanese vocabulary words.
The JLPT N3 is the middle, or lower intermediate, level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. The test covers about 3,000 Japanese vocabulary terms (including words from the beginning JLPT N4 and JLPT N5 tests).
How many Japanese yoji-jukugo, or 4-character idioms, do you know? As an advanced student of Japanese, you can gain impressive insight into the nuances of Kanji meanings by memorizing yoji-jukugo.
If you are just starting out to learn Japanese, you are no doubt trying hard to learn Japanese vocabulary. This free quiz is here to help, with five introductory Japanese vocabulary words.
The JLPT N4 is the second level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test, and covers about 50 different grammar forms. The -masu form is the form of a Japanese verb when it has -masu at the end; for example, the -masu form of morau is morai, because you say moraimasu.
If you are an advanced Japanese student, you have no doubt seen the vast world of Japanese idioms. Like all languages, Japanese idioms are rooted in the surrounding culture. In the case of Japanese idioms, the influence of Buddhism and Confucianism, plus a uniquely Japanese perspective on society and human relations is evident.
Do you how how to count in Japanese? This fun, free Nihongo quiz will help you learn Japanese numbers and check if you know all the numbers from one to ten.
The verb in a sentence tells what what is happening, so it's important to learn basic Japanese verbs in order to express yourself. See if you can choose the correct Japanese verb in this free Nihongo quiz.
The JLPT N2 is the next to the highest level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. The JLPT N2 vocabulary includes about 1,200 nouns. To learn all this Japanese vocabulary, the key is to practice reading and using the vocabulary terms as much as possible, including this free JLPT quiz courtesy of Nihongo-Pro teachers.
If you are an advanced Japanese learner, you have no doubt seen the world of Japanese idioms. Like all languages, Japanese idioms are rooted in the surrounding culture. In the case of Japanese idioms, the influence of Buddhism and Confucianism, plus a uniquely Japanese perspective on society and human relations is evident.
If you are just starting out to learn Japanese, you are no doubt trying hard to learn Japanese vocabulary. This free quiz is here to help, with five introductory Japanese vocabulary words.
The JLPT N4 is the second level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. One of the grammar forms you'll need to master is the -te form of Japanese verbs.
The JLPT N3 is the middle, or lower intermediate, level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. The test covers about 3,000 Japanese vocabulary terms (including words from the beginner JLPT N4 and JLPT N5 tests).
Just starting out learning Japanese? Then give this free Japanese vocabulary quiz a try! It's got five words to add to your Japanese vocabulary—even if you don't know these words yet, check out the answers page, and then take the quiz again!
Learning Japanese takes practice and patience, but be sure to keep it fun. If you spend just a few minutes every day learning Japanese, your language skill will improve rapidly. The fun, free Japanese quizzes at Nihongo—with new quizzes every day!— are a simple, effective addition to your Japanese study plan.
The JLPT N3 is the middle, or lower intermediate, level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. Kanji knowledge is an important part of the test, so it's important to learn how to read Kanji characters and Kanji words (jukugo) correctly.
If you are an advanced Japanese student, you have no doubt seen the vast world of Japanese idioms. Like all languages, Japanese idioms are rooted in the surrounding culture. In the case of Japanese idioms, the influence of Buddhism and Confucianism, plus a uniquely Japanese perspective on society and human relations is evident.
Are you just getting started to learn Japanese online? Here are some words and phrases that will make it easy for you and your Japanese teacher to communicate smoothly during your lesson. Take a minute to learn the Japanese phrases for "Do you understand?", "Can you say it?", and the others here, and you are on your way to a great time learning Japanese online!
The JLPT N5 is the first level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. To master the grammar portion of the JLPT N5, one good study technique is to try as many sample test questions as possible. Not only will you gradually learn the various JLPT N5 grammar forms, but you will get comfortable with the kinds of questions you'll find on the real JLPT exam.
The JLPT N2 is the upper intermediate level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. The test covers about 200 Japanese grammar forms (including grammar from the JLPT N3, N4, and N5 tests).
If you are an advanced Japanese learner, you have no doubt seen the world of Japanese idioms. Like all languages, Japanese idioms are rooted in the surrounding culture. In the case of Japanese idioms, the influence of Buddhism and Confucianism, plus a uniquely Japanese perspective on society and human relations is evident.
Just starting out learning Japanese? Then give this free Japanese vocabulary quiz a try! It's got five words to add to your Japanese vocabulary—even if you don't know these words yet, check out the answers page, and then take the quiz again!
The JLPT N4 is the second level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test, and covers about 50 different grammar forms. The -masu form is the form of a Japanese verb when it has -masu at the end; for example, the -masu form of morau is morai, because you say moraimasu.
If you are planning to take the JLPT N3, or if you are learning intermediate Japanese, this fun, free Nihongo quiz will test your knowledge of intermediate Japanese grammar.
The JLPT N1 is the highest level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test, intended for advanced students of Japanese. At this level of Japanese study, you encounter many Kanji having the same reading but with different meanings.
Do you know how to greet someone in Japanese in the morning or in the evening? Basic greetings are an essential part of everyday life, and learning greetings in Japanese will go a long way to making your spoken Japanese shine.
The JLPT N4 test (Japanese Language Proficiency Test) includes a new grammar section that involves arranging sentence fragments in the correct order. It turns out to be one of the more difficult sections for most JLPT students.
The JLPT N3 is the middle, or lower intermediate, level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. The test covers about 3,000 Japanese vocabulary terms (including words from the beginner JLPT N4 and JLPT N5 tests).
The JLPT N1 examination is the advanced level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. The test covers about 2,000 Kanji, with most Kanji-related questions involving reading jukugo (Kanji compounds).
Opposites attract, as they say, in Japanese, too! Sometimes a word doesn't translate directly from Japanese, but if you know its opposite in Japanese, you can better understand the nuance of the original word.
The JLPT N2 is the upper intermediate level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. The test covers about 200 Japanese grammar forms (including grammar from the JLPT N3, N4, and N5 tests).
Can you ask someone's name in Japanese? Try this fun, free Japanese quiz, and see how many useful Japanese phrases you know. Maybe you'll find a couple of new ones, and impress your Japanese friends!
The JLPT N5 is the first level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. To master the grammar portion of the JLPT N5, one good study technique is to try as many sample test questions as possible. Not only will you gradually learn the various JLPT N5 grammar forms, but you will get comfortable with the kinds of questions you'll find on the real JLPT exam.
The JLPT N2 examination is the upper intermediate level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. The test covers about 5,000 vocabulary terms (including about 3,000 Japanese words from the JLPT N3, N4, and N5 exams).
The JLPT N1 is the most advanced level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test, and covers a total of about 10,000 Japanese vocabulary terms. To do well on vocabulary, practice in reading Japanese is essential.
If you are just starting out to learn Japanese, you are no doubt trying hard to learn Japanese vocabulary. This free quiz is here to help, with five introductory Japanese vocabulary words.
The JLPT N4 is the second level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. One of the grammar forms you'll need to master is the -ta form of Japanese verbs.
You probably know a lot of katakana-go, Japanese words borrowed from other languages and written in katakana. Japanese has thousands of these words, many of them from English, but the meaning of the Japanese word often doesn't quite match the word in the original language.
Aizuchi is the uniquely Japanese custom of interjecting words of agreement or acknowledgment as someone speaks to you, or of responding to the other party's statement.
If you are just starting out to learn Japanese, you are no doubt trying hard to learn Japanese vocabulary. This free quiz is here to help, with five introductory Japanese vocabulary words.
The JLPT N2 is the upper intermediate level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. The test covers about 200 Japanese grammar forms (including grammar from the JLPT N3, N4, and N5 tests).
The JLPT N1 is the most advanced level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. JLPT N1 grammar includes many grammar forms used in formal Japanese writing and literature, as well as some forms you'll find in everyday Japanese conversation.
If you are just starting out to learn Japanese, you are no doubt trying hard to learn Japanese vocabulary. This free quiz is here to help, with five introductory Japanese vocabulary words for family relationships.
The JLPT N4 is the second level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. If you have passed the JLPT N5 (the first level), you'll find lots of new vocabulary, Kanji, and grammar forms on the N4 test.
The JLPT N2 is the upper intermediate level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. The test covers about 200 Japanese grammar forms (including grammar from the JLPT N3, N4, and N5 tests).
The JLPT N1 examination is the advanced level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. The test covers about 2,000 Kanji, with most Kanji-related questions involving reading jukugo (Kanji compounds).
In this free Japanese quiz, you need to find the Japanese verb that fits the sentence. It's a great quiz to practice reading Japanese and to test your knowledge of intermediate Japanese.
Do you know which of Japan's 47 prefectures produces the most rice? How about which one has more islands than any other prefecture? Learn the answers with this fun, free Japanese quiz.
If you are just starting out to learn Japanese, you are no doubt trying hard to learn Japanese vocabulary. This free quiz is here to help, with five introductory Japanese vocabulary words.
The JLPT N4 is the second level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. At this level, you learn over 150 new verbs—absolutely essential vocabulary at the beginner Japanese level. Even if you don't plan to take the JLPT, Nihongo-Pro quizzes like this one will help you learn the vocabulary, Kanji, and grammar you need to speak Japanese.
The Japanese language has thousands of Kanji compounds, or jukugo, words formed from two or more Kanji characters. As you study for the Japanese Language Proficiency Test (JLPT) N3, you will encounter many two-character Kanji compounds.
The JLPT N1 is the most advanced level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test, and covers about 2,000 Kanji characters. The key to learning to read all those Kanji is to practice, practice, practice.
Here are some simple Japanese phrases when you start to learn Japanese online. By memorizing just a few Japanese phrases, you and your Japanese teacher can communicate more easily, and have a fun and productive online lesson.
The JLPT N3 is the middle, or lower intermediate, level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. The test covers about 150 Japanese grammar forms (including grammar from the beginning JLPT N4 and JLPT N5 tests).
As you start learning Japanese, you'll want to learn these school-related Japanese words that pop up in everyday conversation all the time. Try this fun, free Nihongo quiz to check your Japanese vocabulary, and maybe you'll learn new school words along the way.
The JLPT (Japanese Language Proficiency Test) N5 is the beginning level of the test. JLPT N5 grammar is essential for any speaking or writing in Japanese. Even if you don't plan to take the JLPT, these grammar forms are a great start if you are planning to travel to Japan, or if you want to review beginner Japanese grammar.
The JLPT N3 is the middle, or lower intermediate, level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. The test covers about 3,000 Japanese vocabulary terms (including words from the beginning JLPT N4 and JLPT N5 tests).
The JLPT N1 examination is the advanced level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. The test covers about 2,000 Kanji, with most Kanji-related questions involving reading jukugo (Kanji compounds).
As you learn Japanese, learning to read hiragana is your first step in reading the language. Each hiragana letter has its own pronunciation. The key is to practice reading the letters over and over until the pronunciation comes naturally to you.
The JLPT N4 is the second level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test, suitable for students at the beginner level of Japanese. The JLPT N4 covers about 250 Kanji (including about 100 Kanji included on the JLPT N5 test), so learning to read basic Japanese Kanji is essential to passing the JLPT.
The JLPT N2 is the upper intermediate level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. The test covers about 200 Japanese grammar forms (including grammar from the JLPT N3, N4, and N5 tests).
The JLPT N1 examination is the advanced level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. The test covers about 2,000 Kanji, with most Kanji-related questions involving reading jukugo (Kanji compounds).
If you are just starting out to learn Japanese, you are no doubt trying hard to learn Japanese vocabulary. This free quiz is here to help, with five introductory Japanese vocabulary words.
At the intermediate level in Japanese, learning Kanji is important so that you can read and understand real Japanese. Lots of Kanji characters look similar, or have the same reading (pronunciation), so it takes practice to learn which Kanji go with which words.
If you have ever been stumped by an advanced Japanese idiom or vocabulary word, this is the quiz for you. Understanding and using idioms like these will make your Japanese conversation more natural and expressive.
Just starting out learning Japanese? Then give this free Japanese vocabulary quiz a try! It's got five words to add to your Japanese vocabulary—even if you don't know these words yet, check out the answers page, and then take the quiz again!
Hiragana, Katakana, and Kanji are the elements of written Japanese. If you have just started learning Japanese, you are probably learning Hiragana. Your next step is to master Katakana, which is used for most foreign words in Japanese.
The JLPT N1 is the most advanced level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test, and covers a total of about 10,000 Japanese vocabulary terms. To do well on vocabulary, practice in reading Japanese is essential.
If you are just starting out to learn Japanese, you are no doubt trying hard to learn Japanese vocabulary. This free quiz is here to help, with five introductory Japanese vocabulary words.
The JLPT N5 is the first level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. To master the grammar portion of the JLPT N5, one good study technique is to try as many sample test questions as possible. Not only will you gradually learn the various JLPT N5 grammar forms, but you will get comfortable with the kinds of questions you'll find on the real JLPT exam.
The JLPT N3 is the middle, or lower intermediate, level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. The test covers about 3,000 Japanese vocabulary terms (including words from the beginning JLPT N4 and JLPT N5 tests).
The JLPT N1 examination is the advanced level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. The test covers about 2,000 Kanji, with most Kanji-related questions involving reading jukugo (Kanji compounds).
Just starting out learning Japanese? Then give this free Japanese vocabulary quiz a try! It's got five words to add to your Japanese vocabulary—even if you don't know these words yet, check out the answers page, and then take the quiz again!
The JLPT N4 is the second level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test, and covers about 150 Kanji (in addition to about 100 Kanji for the JLPT N5).
If you are an intermediate student of Japanese, you have probably studied giongo and gitaigo, the Japanese words whose pronunciation mimics the word's meaning. From tokidoki or sorosoro at the beginner level, the Japanese language has a rich vocabulary of these rhyming words.
Kanji study is essential to success on the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. The JLPT N1, the highest level of the JLPT, covers all 2,000 common use Japanese Kanji. Even if you don't plan to take the JLPT, every advanced student of Japanese needs to learn the Kanji in common use in Japanese.
If you have just started to learn Japanese, don't forget to study Japanese writing, too! To learn hiragana well, the key is to practice, practice, practice. Even if you have only a few minutes, practice reading Japanese every day.
If you've learned introductory Japanese, you're ready for the challenge of the JLPT N4 (Japanese Language Proficiency Test). Try this quiz to see how much JLPT N4 vocabulary and Kanji you already know.
To keep on track as you learn Japanese, don't forget to practice vocabulary. Learning Japanese vocabulary is best done gradually, learning just a few words a week. Using the new words in sentences and writing the new words (with Kanji!) will help you remember your gains in Japanese vocabulary.
If you are just starting out to learn Japanese, you are no doubt trying hard to learn Japanese vocabulary. This free quiz is here to help, with five introductory Japanese vocabulary words.
The JLPT N4 is the upper beginner level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. In addition to Kanji, vocabulary, reading comprehension, and writing comprehension, the JLPT N4 examination covers about 100 Japanese grammar forms, including about 50 grammar forms covered on the lower JLPT N5 test.
Keigo, the Japanese system of expression honor and humility, is an important part of Japanese study at the intermediate level. Try this fun, free Nihongo quiz, and test your knowledge of keigo.
The JLPT N1 is the most advanced level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. To pass this test, you need to be able to read about 2,000 Kanji and have a Japanese vocabulary of about 10,000 words.
Just starting out learning Japanese? Then give this free Japanese vocabulary quiz a try! It's got five words to add to your Japanese vocabulary—even if you don't know these words yet, check out the answers page, and then take the quiz again!
The JLPT N4 is the second level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test, and covers about 50 different grammar forms. The -masu form is the form of a Japanese verb when it has -masu at the end; for example, the -masu form of morau is morai, because you say moraimasu.
The JLPT N2 is the upper intermediate level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. The examination covers about 1,000 Kanji (including Kanji from the JLPT N3, N4, and N5 tests), so it is essential to learn how to read Kanji characters and Kanji words (jukugo) correctly.
If you are an advanced Japanese learner, you have no doubt seen the world of Japanese idioms. Like all languages, Japanese idioms are rooted in the surrounding culture. In the case of Japanese idioms, the influence of Buddhism and Confucianism, plus a uniquely Japanese perspective on society and human relations is evident.
Just starting out learning Japanese? Then give this free Japanese vocabulary quiz a try! It's got five words to add to your Japanese vocabulary—even if you don't know these words yet, check out the answers page, and then take the quiz again!
Do you know to say "July 14" in Japanese? How about "March 2"? The months in Japanese are pretty simple, but the days of the month have special rules for different days. Try this fun, free Japanese quiz to see if you have mastered reading dates in Japanese.
The JLPT N3 is the middle, or lower intermediate, level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. The test covers about 3,000 Japanese vocabulary terms (including words from the beginner JLPT N4 and JLPT N5 tests).
If you are just starting out to learn Japanese, you are no doubt trying hard to learn Japanese vocabulary. This free quiz is here to help, with five introductory Japanese vocabulary words.
The "-te" form of Japanese verbs is one of the most important forms to learn early in your Japanese study. This form occurs almost everywhere in written and spoken Japanese sentences. With the "-te" form, you can express "doing" something continuously, doing a sequence of things, or even asking someone to do something for you in Japanese.
The JLPT N3 is the middle, or lower intermediate, level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. The test covers about 150 Japanese grammar forms (including grammar from the beginning JLPT N4 and JLPT N5 tests).
If you are an advanced Japanese learner, you have no doubt seen the world of Japanese idioms. Like all languages, Japanese idioms are rooted in the surrounding culture. In the case of Japanese idioms, the influence of Buddhism and Confucianism, plus a uniquely Japanese perspective on society and human relations is evident.
If you are just starting out to learn Japanese, you are no doubt trying hard to learn Japanese vocabulary. This free quiz is here to help, with five introductory Japanese vocabulary words.
The JLPT N2 is the upper intermediate level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. The examination covers about 1,000 Kanji (including Kanji from the JLPT N3, N4, and N5 tests), so it is essential to learn how to read Kanji characters and Kanji words (jukugo) correctly.
The JLPT N1 examination is the advanced level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. The test covers about 2,000 Kanji, with most Kanji-related questions involving reading jukugo (Kanji compounds).
The JLPT N5 is the first level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. To master the grammar portion of the JLPT N5, one good study technique is to try as many sample test questions as possible. Not only will you gradually learn the various JLPT N5 grammar forms, but you will get comfortable with the kinds of questions you'll find on the real JLPT exam.
The JLPT N2 is the second most advanced level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. JLPT N2 vocabulary spans about 6,000 terms, including several hundred adjectives.
Japanese is full of jukugo, words built from two or more Kanji characters. In most cases, jukugo are read using the on-yomi (Chinese-style pronunciation), but there are exceptions—some jukugo are pronounced with kun-yomi (Japanese-style pronunciation), while others mix on-yomi and kun-yomi to create 重箱読み (on followed by kun) and, less frequently, 湯桶読み (kun followed by on).
If you're starting to learn Japanese, learning to say words like "I" and "you" is important to making yourself understood in the language. Here's a fun, free Japanese quiz to check your knowledge of these basic Japanese words.
The JLPT N5 is the first level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. To master the grammar portion of the JLPT N5, one good study technique is to try as many sample test questions as possible. Not only will you gradually learn the various JLPT N5 grammar forms, but you will get comfortable with the kinds of questions you'll find on the real JLPT exam.
The JLPT N4 is the second level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. At this level, you learn over 150 new verbs—absolutely essential vocabulary at the beginner Japanese level. Even if you don't plan to take the JLPT, Nihongo-Pro quizzes like this one will help you learn the vocabulary, Kanji, and grammar you need to speak Japanese.
The JLPT N3 is the middle, or lower intermediate, level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. The test covers about 3,000 Japanese vocabulary terms (including words from the beginning JLPT N4 and JLPT N5 tests).
The JLPT N2 is the upper intermediate level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. The test covers about 200 Japanese grammar forms (including grammar from the JLPT N3, N4, and N5 tests).
If you are just starting out to learn Japanese, you are no doubt trying hard to learn Japanese vocabulary. This free quiz is here to help, with five introductory Japanese vocabulary words.
The JLPT N4 is the second level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test, and covers several dozen grammar points. It might seem like a big challenge to learn all this Japanese grammar, but the key is to learn it little by little, gradually get accustomed to the Japanese grammar and sentence structure.
The JLPT N3 is the middle, or lower intermediate, level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. The test covers about 3,000 Japanese vocabulary terms (including words from the beginning JLPT N4 and JLPT N5 tests).
The JLPT N2 examination is the upper intermediate level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. The test covers about 5,000 vocabulary terms (including about 3,000 Japanese words from the JLPT N3, N4, and N5 exams).
The JLPT N1 examination is the advanced level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. The test covers about 2,000 Kanji, with most Kanji-related questions involving reading jukugo (Kanji compounds).
Just starting out learning Japanese? Then give this free Japanese vocabulary quiz a try! It's got five words to add to your Japanese vocabulary—even if you don't know these words yet, check out the answers page, and then take the quiz again!
The JLPT N5 is the starting level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. You'll need to be able to read hiragana, katakana, and about 100 Kanji characters. Here are a few JLPT N5 Kanji to practice reading.
The JLPT N4 is the upper beginner level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. In addition to Kanji, vocabulary, reading comprehension, and writing comprehension, the JLPT N4 examination covers about 100 Japanese grammar forms, including about 50 grammar forms covered on the lower JLPT N5 test.
JLPT N3 is the middle level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. At this intermediate Japanese level, you are using about 3,000 vocabulary words. The hard part is knowing how to use all those Japanese words correctly.
The JLPT N2 is the upper intermediate level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. The test covers about 200 Japanese grammar forms (including grammar from the JLPT N3, N4, and N5 tests).
The JLPT N1 is the most advanced level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. JLPT N1 grammar includes many grammar forms used in formal Japanese writing and literature, as well as some forms you'll find in everyday Japanese conversation.